How the tested N-v-ls relate to each other:

The earliest known ancestor is John (Neavill) Neville, Sr. (1662 probably Warwickshire Eng - 1733 Goochland VA). Note that John Neville Sr's birth coincides with Lawrence I's arrival in the colonies, and both had land near each other in Kingston Parish, Gloucester Co., Virginia. The family record is very incomplete, and the family tree needs a lot of reconstruction. Thanks to Wayne Olson and Donna Sumner Shapiro for their assistance in curating the Neville information, and Wayne Olson for drawing the Neville Pedigree. How the tested Parrotts relate to each other: Pedigrees of the YDNA-tested Parrotts tested are below. Four different Parott lines seem to have come out of Gloucester county, along with the Neville line. Gray lines/boxes have Parrott Y-DNA but Stover as their surname. More information on the family branches: Five subbranches of this family have been identified thus far, and all are in the US. John Neville Benjamin of Rockingham Robert of Mathews William of Northumberland George of Edgefield John Nevill Jr. (later Sr.) of Gloucester (mentioned as "infant" in a property transaction of 1674/75), thought to have died around 1733 in Gloucester county, Virginia. His appears on the 1704 quit rent roll for Gloucester county, along with Lawrence Parrott. First definite ancestor is Benjamin. He is recorded in Guilford (later Rockingham) Co., North Carolina first on 18 August 1778 when he obtained a land grant for 500 acres on both sides of Wolf Island Creek. This grant is part of the land which Benjamin Parrott, Sr. sold to Abner on 9 May 1789. Henry Blanton Parrott appears to be a member of this branch via his mother, and moved with them to GA, but has Flippen YDNA instead of Parrott YDNA. A neighbor in Greene co., GA, is Armistead Flippen, and can be traced back to Kingston Parish, helping cement the relationship. Tax lists for 1790s Mathews co list Robert, s/o Geo, so Robert could be the s/o George & Lucy Longest, but his age in 1850 census suggests his birth precedes their marriage. Richard & Susannah Flippin Parrott had a son, Robert, b 3 Nov 1771. This could be this Robert. First definite ancestor is Lawrence, who died in 1746 in Northumberland Co., VA. He almost certainly originated in Gloucester Co., where an older Lawrence received 137 acres in Kingston Parish (later Mathews Co.) on 26 September 1678 (Bk 6, p 660). First ancestor George, b ca 1760 Virginia, married Susannah Vines, and moved to Edgefield, South Carolina. First definite ancestor is his grandson William, who was b in Georgia ca 1814. William's son John Robert was a successful farmer of Zwolle, Louisiana. He was born in the state of Alabama, March 11, 1839, and moved with his father to Northeast Louisiana in the early '40's and from there to Sabine Parish in 1854. William was probably the son of Robert George & Sarah Travis Parrott, who moved from Edgefield Co., South Carolina to Wilcox Co., Alabama, and then to Natchitoches Parish in Louisiana, but supporting evidence is needed. The evidence for Robert George's parents is even weaker, and based only on family oral history. Primary current locations: Primary current locations: Tennessee Mississippi Texas Michigan Primary current locations: Arkansas Texas Primary current locations: Virginia Kentucky Primary current locations: Louisiana Additional web sites: ~ Neville Family Additional web sites: Benjamin Parrott & his descendants in the South & beyond Benjamin Parrott & descendants Additional web sites: Robert Parrott & his descendants in Arkansas, Oklahoma & beyond Robert & Sally Parrott family Lawrence Parrott & his descendants in VA, KY & beyond (& their Hughlett forebears) Family Documents in Gloucester Co. Family Documents in Northumberland Co. Additional web sites: George Parrott & his descendants in Alabama & Louisiana Ancient ancestral origins: Y chromosomes from different geographic areas (known as haplogroups) are recognizable by their combination of markers. This Parrott family's DNA type is from the I1 haplogroup, which is most common among Anglo-Saxons and their descendants, namely the Vikings and the Normans. The I1 haplogroup has various types. This Parrott family belongs to the Anglo-Saxon type. The basal marker, YSC261, is becoming recognized as a marker for Danish origins. Haplogroup I, with all its branches and subbranches, accounts for about 16% of all European Y chromosomes. Parrott/Nevilles from this group will notice that most of their Y-DNA matches are to Gordons, specifically to the "Jock & Tam" and " Sir William" Gordon families from the Scottish Highlands and Lowlands, respectively. Both descend from Sir Adam Gordon (b ~1035). Although there really is a Gordon-Parrott/Neville relationship, it is not as close as these DNA STR results suggest. An estimate based on STR markers suggests that Parrotts and Gordons parted ways some 900 years ago. However, when SNP markers are included in the calculation, it is evident that the Gordons & Parrotts went their separate ways some 2900 years ago; the apparent closeness is due to back-mutations in the STR markers (shown in purple in the diagram below) in the family line that leads to Parrott/Neville. Thus these families parted ways centuries ago, well before surnames came into use. The S1972 SNP is of particular interest, as it is the 'terminal SNP' that defines the lineage, after which it branches off into a group of sister families, shown in green below, that includes the Parrott/Neville line. Known sister families to date are Hamilton, Tate, Parlevliet, Moehlen, and Loney. The last common ancestor for these families may have lived roughly some 1300 years ago (as recently as 950 years ago, or as much as 1750 years ago). The best characterized of these sister families is the "Group A" Hamilton clan, (and a Robertson branch derived from it), which is defined by A376 as its basal SNP. The lines that were to become Parrott and Hamilton split ways perhaps as far back as 700 years ago (as recently as 500 years ago, or as much as 900 years ago). Other more distantly related families not shown in the diagram branch off prior to S1972, and inlcude Arnold, Baker, Chennell, Compton, Douglas, Dunbar, Hudson, James, Jennett, Key, Knigge, Kossler, Roose, and Schultz. All of these went their separate ways somewhere between the time the Gordon lineage split anyway, and the time the Parrott/Neville lineage split away. By the time of the Norman invasion in 1066, it is almost certain that the men who would go on to become Gordons, Parrotts, or Hamiltons did not know they were distantly related to each other, and just thought of each other as fellow countrymen, if they even knew each other. The tree below is based on the one assembled by YFull, and shows the family relationships as inferred from STR and SNP (shown in red) markers for people who have taken the BigY test and uploaded it to YFull. Dates on SNP markers are as calibrated by YFull, and represent the time to the most recent common ancestor. Determining the arrival of this lineage to the British Isles has been more difficult. It could have arrived with the Anglo-Saxon migrations, the Viking raids, or the Norman invasion. But, as mentioned previously, Vikings and the Normans are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, meaning they cannot be distinguished on DNA alone. However, an individual, known as BUK073, was buried in Dover sometime between 400 and 800 of the CE, meaning he arrived in England as Roman rule was coming to an end or soon thereafter. His YDNA is classified as I1a2a1a1a and his terminal SNP is S1990. He or a close relative could be the ancestor to this Parrott lineage, meaning this Parrott lineage may have been an early arrival within the Anglo-Saxon migration. References: Norsemen, Parrotts, and DNA. 2012. P-rr-tt Society Family Notes 29:18-19. Note: This reference was written before the advent of SNPs. Besides revealing that the original time of Parrott-Gordon divergence was underestimated, SNPs also revealed that the Hamiltons and Parrotts are much more closely related to each other than the Parrotts are to the Gordons. Ending up a Perrott rather than a Gordon or Hamilton: Reconstructing early family origins. 2016. P-rr-tt Society Family Notes 33:5-8. Gretzinger, J., Sayer, D., Justeau, P. et al. 2022. The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool. Nature 610, 112‐119. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05247-2 Margaryan, A., Lawson, D.J., Sikora, M. et al. 2020. Population genomics of the Viking world. Nature 585, 390-396 (pay-walled). Bibliography Hamilton, G. 2005. Distribution of Repeat Values at Various STR Sites for Haplogroup I1a Hay, Maciamo. 2015. Haplogroup I1. Jobling MA and C Tyler-Smith. 2003. The human Y chromosome: an evolutionary marker comes of age. Nat Rev Genet 4:598-612. Kerchner, C. 2005. An Overview and Discussion of Various DNA Mutation Rates and DNA Haplotype Mutation Rates Rimmer, Sandra. 2016. Maps of Europe’s ancient tribes, kingdoms and Y-DNA. Robb, TD. 2011. y-Haplogroups I1 and R1b in European Countries, plus Ancient Migrations within Europe. Rootsi S, C Magri, T Kivisild, et al. 2004. Phylogeography of the Y-chromosome haplogroup I reveals distinct domains of prehistoric gene flow. Am J Hum Genet 75:128-137. Semino O, G Passarino, PJ Oefner, et al. 2000. The genetic legacy of paleolithic Homo sapiens in extant Europeans: A Y chromosome perspective. Science 290:1155-1159. --> For more information, see the FamilyTree DNA explanation page, or contact the Group Administrator. Comments? Corrections? Additions? Please write. . All information on this and other pages within the p-rr-tt.org.uk/Y-DNA/ domain is copyrighted. Feel free to copy and share the information, but please abide by the terms and conditions below. Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. Information and data obtained from on pages within the p-rr-tt.org.uk/Y-DNA/ domain must be attributed to the P-rr-tt Family Genealogy by DNA Project as outlined in the Creative Commons License. Please include the date when the material was accessed (information changes rapidly!), and please notify an administrator when using data for public or private research released in a public forum.